Windows doesn't by default log applications that run - but you can tell it to provide a basic audit trail.
Open secpol.msc ... local policies/audit policy. (for Windows 10, see here:
http://www.isunshare.com/windows-10/5-ways-to-access-local-group-policy-editor-on-windows-10.html[
^])
Activate Success (and maybe also Failure) on "Audit process tracking" and windows will create a log entry in the security event log every time a process starts or ends. Unfortunately you'll see the process that ran, but not the command line it was started with. Be aware that this will generate a lot of data!