Some COM components work in UWP apps, most don't. Why?
UWP applications run in a "sandbox" where the application needs permissions to do just about anything. They are restricted to using a limited subset of the Win32 and COM API's. Most existing COM components, unless they are explicitly written for UWP, will not work because they call API's that don't exist or are not available in the restricted sandbox.
Because of it's "universal" nature, not all platforms can handle COM or can really have any COM support, like Windows Phone. That's why you really don't have a good solution for using COM components in UWP.
You can try going through
this[
^] article. It's for Windows 8, but it still applies to Win10. Good luck!