I need you, r assistance in understanding this piece of code?

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Hey i was just looking for a class to construct array and adjust it with elements.And i found an array constructor , But there are few lines of codes which i did,nt understand so i am looking for someone who can explain me what,s happening at that code and what that does and why is that line of code written there.I will write "Make me understand" before that codeline which i don,t understand So LET,S BEGIN...

import ctypes

class DynamicArray(object):
'''
DYNAMIC ARRAY CLASS (Similar to Python List)
'''

def __init__(self):
self.n = 0 # Count actual elements (Default is 0)
self.capacity = 1 # Default Capacity
self.A = self.make_array(self.capacity)

def __len__(self):
"""
Return number of elements sorted in array
"""
return self.n

def __getitem__(self,k):
"""
Return element at index k
"""
if not 0 <= k <self.n:
return IndexError('K is out of bounds!') # Check it k index is in bounds of array

return self.A[k] #Retrieve from array at index k

def append(self, ele):
"""
Add element to end of the array
"""
if self.n == self.capacity:
self._resize(2*self.capacity) #Double capacity if not enough room

"Make me understand" self.A[self.n] = ele #Set self.n index to element
"Make me understand" self.n += 1

def _resize(self,new_cap):
"""
Resize internal array to capacity new_cap
"""

B = self.make_array(new_cap) # New bigger array

for k in range(self.n): # Reference all existing values
B[k] = self.A[k]

"Make me understand" self.A = B # Call A the new bigger array
"Make me understand" self.capacity = new_cap # Reset the capacity

def make_array(self,new_cap):
"""
Returns a new array with new_cap capacity
"""
"Make me understand" return (new_cap * ctypes.py_object)()

What I have tried:

Although I first came to here because i hope here are some good people who can be my coding mentor..

Posted 16-Jan-19 22:04pm

Member 14068174

Updated 18-Jan-19 23:01pm

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Richard MacCutchan · Answer 1 · 2019-01-18T23:01:00

Python

def append(self, ele):
    """
    Add element to end of the array
    """
    if self.n == self.capacity:
    self._resize(2*self.capacity) #Double capacity if not enough room
    
    self.A[self.n] = ele #Set self.n index to element --> 1
    self.n += 1          #                            --> 2

1. The parameter object ele will be stored in the array A at offset n. If the value of n is greater than the number of elements of A-1 then an exception will be thrown.
2. The value of n is increased by 1, in order to point to the next free element in the array A.

Python

B = self.make_array(new_cap) # New bigger array

for k in range(self.n): # Reference all existing values
B[k] = self.A[k]

self.A = B # Call A the new bigger array      --> 1
self.capacity = new_cap # Reset the capacity  --> 2

def make_array(self,new_cap):
    """
    Returns a new array with new_cap capacity
    """
    return (new_cap * ctypes.py_object)() #   --> 3

1. Set the reference A to point to the newly created array B. So all references will access the data in the new array.
2. Set the variable capacity to the value of the parameter new_cap. That is just replacing one value in a variable with another (similar to i = 5).
3. The method make_array is creating a new raw array that can hold up to new_cap ctypes.py_object objects. The array reference is then passed back to the caller of the method, as referred to in lines 1 and 2.

See also The Python Tutorial — Python 3.7.2 documentation[^].