What you're talking about is very doable on many stacks. You should be able to find many samples around this.
ASP.NET is certainly a quick route. FrontPage form parsing will be harder to write than a simple scaffolded MVC site.
If you're looking at ASP.NET MVC and wondering if it seems like a lot of work, it might lots, especially for just one, create-only view of the data. MVC is a framework for projects and has a lot more purpose/intent than just data entry. It's like taking a dump truck to drop the kids off for daycare in your case.
Of course if you know MVC really well, this is also a 10 minute task when you use scaffolding. If you don't, you have a steep learning curve.
Perhaps you can find an appropriate route
using Linq to SQL[
^]? These skills would also be very complimentary to your work in VB WinForms development.
Finally...I have no idea how you're only finding info that suggests you can only make read-only grid views on ASP.NET. How do you think they built this site?
Cheers.