You don't have to install Visual Studio. Net framework is adequate. Net framework 3.5 is included with Windows 7 so if you're targeting it (or previous) then everything should be fine. If you're using a newer framework, then it should be installed first. If you're using a setup program, this can be done by making it a prerequisite.
The key thing is that you take the compiled binaries from your debug or release directory and distribute them either by copying or with some more advanced techique (for example ClickOnce).
If you have developed the program with credentials with lots of privileges you must take the UAC into account. For more information, see:
http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/bb756973.aspx[
^]. Even though the topic is for Vista the ideas apply also to Windows 7.