Just to add, an inner join means 'only return values that match both tables'. A left outer join means 'return all the rows to the left of me, and any that don't have values in the table on the right, return null'. A full join returns all values from both tables, returning nulls for missing rows.
http://www.codeproject.com/Articles/700317/SQL-Wizardry-Episode-One-Joins[
^] is my article on SQL joins.