Kernel programming

Kernel programming is a too much generic sentence; I think you mean writing a device driver.
If this is your target and you want to write device drivers for Windows you can start downloading the Windows DDK from Microsoft web-sites: the driver development kit is shipped with a lot of samples and tutorials.
As pre-requisites you should have a good command of the C language, and you should know the basics of PC hardware architecture; finally, some fundmentals on assembler could be helpful.

First you Should know about your Hardware you are Aiming (ARM, x86, MIPS , etc) then you are going through these questions:

1- How you are going to boot the kernel ? boot loader (you have to write it some thing like : [uBoot, grub,.... ])
2- What hardware you support? as above.
3- How are you going to provide OS Services (Memory management, Scheduler , etc)
4- How will you going to provide Hardware Handling ? Device drivers .

Then start coding here and you should have a good knowledge about C and Assembly languages .

Finally this would help : http://www.ezequielaceto.com.ar/techblog/?p=501[^]