Try:
string myUpdateString = "UPDATE Data SET input={0}, output={1}, price={2} WHERE lineName='{3}' AND dat='{4}'";
this.oleDbDataAdapter1.UpdateCommand.CommandText = string.Format(myUpdateString, "1", "2", "100", "line1", "01/01/2010");
this.oleDbDataAdapter1.UpdateCommand.ExecuteNonQuery();
If this does not work, just check using debugger what command is executing. (Put debugger at ExecuteNonQuery() line and see what is the command set.) Modify it what it should be (you can verify that running it in your databse.)