I fully agree with OriginalGriff, if possible do store the dates using appropriate data type. Not only the storing is more easy but also calculating, formatting etc is easy to do when the base type is date.
Having that said, in case you are absolutely not able to change the type you should be able to use
str_to_date(dob, '%m/%d/%Y')
For more information, see
MySQL :: MySQL 8.0 Reference Manual :: 12.6 Date and Time Functions[
^]