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Microsoft Hyper-V Server 2016 is a stand-alone product that contains only the Windows hypervisor, a Windows Server driver model, and virtualization components. It provides a simple and reliable virtualization solution to help you improve your server utilization and reduce costs.
Hyper-V Server can only be used to host virtual machines. Those machines will require their own OS.
If you don't want to pay for the OS, you can run SQL Server 2017 on Linux:
Microsoft SQL Server 2017 on Linux | Microsoft[
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You will still need to pay for the SQL Server license.