Dear fellow,
When you add such databases like service based databases or compact edition databases, upon running the project they are hosted with the solution file every time in the bin folder. so they are no more pointing to the db contained in your solution file. They start to point the one hosted in the bin folder.
Take a deep breath and do the following,
Place the database in some other place and update all the previous references to this one like in app.config and you are done. See, the records will be inserted/updated.
Also do the following corrections in the code,
dbDataContext db = new dbDataContext();
var newitem = new emp_detail();
newitem.com_id = 1;
newitem.f_name= txtefname.Text.Trim();
newitem.l_name= txtelname.Text.Trim();
newitem.address= txteadd.Text.Trim();
newitem.position= txteposition.Text.Trim();
newitem.b_date= dtpebdate.Text.ToString();
newitem.h_date= dtpehdate.Text.ToString();
newitem.notes= txtenotes.Text.Trim();
newitem.d_wages= txtedailywages.Text.Trim();
newitem.h_phone= txtehphone.Text.Trim();
newitem.mob_no= txtemobno.Text.Trim();
newitem.bonus= txtebonus.Text.Trim();
newitem.e_fname= txtecfname.Text.Trim();
newitem.e_lname= txteclname.Text.Trim();
newitem.e_relationship= txtecrelnshp.Text.Trim();
newitem.e_phone= txtecphone.Text.Trim();
newitem.e_mobno= txtecmobno.Text.Trim();
newitem.ot_wages= txteotwages.Text.Trim();
db.AddToemp_details(newitem);
db.SubmitChanges();
MessageBox.Show("Saved");
Good luck!