When publishing code or some text that needs a strict syntax (in an article, a forum message, a tip, whatever) always use the appropriate tags, which is either CODE
tags (for a small snippet, no more than one line) or PRE
tags (for all multi-line snippets).
The overall advantage is better readability, and as a result reaching a broader audience and getting more and better feedback. In detail:
CODE
and PRE
tags result in a non-proportional font, which preserves indentation; PRE
tags give a nice background color (pink-ish by default), very good for contrast; BTW: CODE
tags don't, they leave the background white (not so good for color contrast) or turn it blue-ish on forum messages (horrible for contrast), so I don't like them being used in conjunction with syntax coloring at all. CODE
and PRE
tags perform syntax coloring, assuming you add a LANG="some language code" to the opening tag; unfortunately without the change in background, such coloring makes CODE
completely unreadable; so PLEASE set LANG=NONE
for every snippet in CODE
tags. For PRE
tags too, the default is LANG='CPP' even in the C# and VB forums; so you really should add LANG='CS'
or LANG='VB'
to get the keywords recognized correctly (use single or double quotes, and upper- or lower-case).
As this is simple and very effective, I can tell you I simply no longer read code that is not tagged appropriately; if the author doesn't care, neither do I.
Here is an example (with the PRE
tags shown explicitly):
<pre lang='cs'> / * the opening PRE tag (normally not visible!) */
private static int multiply(int arg1, int arg2) {
return arg1*arg2;
}
</pre> / * the closing PRE tag (normally not visible!) */
Warning: If you are using a multi-mode editor, you must be in "raw mode" (click the Source button ) to enter and edit HTML tags such as PRE
and CODE
.
And here is a list of language codes, it may be incomplete and there might be small errors, it is a dynamic thing:
text plain text (= no syntax coloring)
cpp or C++ C++
cs or C# C#
Delphi Delphi
VB, VB.NET, VBscript
java Java
JavaScript JavaScript
Kotlin Kotlin
SQL SQL
Swift Swift
midl Microsoft IDL
asm Assembly
msil MSIL
perl PERL
Python Python
xml XML
HTML HTML
CSS CSS
Warning
It may come as a surprise however CodeProject does not take the content of PRE
blocks literally, a number of HTML tags are accepted, others ignored and removed. Here is a non-exhaustive list of the ones that seem to work:
<b>text</b> generates bold text (which can not be discerned well at all, so I don't recommend it)
<i>text</i> italicizes the text
<u>text</u> underlines the text
A huge consequence is you have to HTML-escape the special characters < and > and & i.e. you must replace them like so:
< <
> >
& &
This escaping can be performed manually (when in "raw view") or by cheking the "Encode < symbol while pasting" checkbox (or something similar) in the forums. Pasting code in Q&A normally does it automatically, at the same time it adds PRE
tags. When the < > & symbols aren't escaped correctly, parts of the snippet may vanish, and what remains may be shown in unintended colors. When done properly, it all should look like < > & in "HTML view" or in preview.
Inner warning: Depending on the browser used, it may seem sufficient to escape just <, however some browsers (and I suspect some CodeProject code too) don't work well when the others are left unescaped.
Additional Features
- You can locally change foreground or background color by using
<span class='emphasis'> or <span class='highlight'> - You can change the entire background color by using <pre style='background-color:#DDFFDD'> or some other hex RGB value.
- You can get the lines numbered automatically, by adding linecount='on'
Here is an example using most of the above:
<pre linecount="on" lang="cs" style='background-color:#DDFFDD'>
private int <b>multiply</b>(int arg1, int arg2) {
return <span class='emphasis'>arg1*arg2</span>;
}</pre>
which yields:
1 private int multiply(int arg1, int arg2) {
2 return arg1*arg2;
3 }
Final Words
- Please use
PRE
tags for multi-line code snippets, as well as for any tabular data you want to represent. - Don't use
CODE
tags in conjunction with PRE
tags. There is no need for them, the PRE
tags handle it all. - Don't forget to HTML-escape each and every < > & inside a PRE block (unless you actually want an executable HTML tag of course).
:)
I am an engineer with a background in electronics, software and mathematics.
I develop technical software, both for embedded systems and for desktop equipment. This includes operating systems, communication software, local networks, image processing, machine control, automation, etc.
I have been using all kinds of microcontrollers and microprocessors (Intel 4004/8080/8051/80386/Pentium, Motorola 680x/680x0/ColdFire/PowerPC, Microchip PIC, Altera NIOS, and many more), lots of programming languages (all relevant assemblers, Fortran, Basic, C, Java, C#, and many more), and different operating systems (both proprietary and commercial).
For desktop applications and general development tools I have been using both UNIX systems and Mac/MacOS for many years, but I have switched to x86-based PCs with Windows, Visual Studio and the .NET Framework several years ago.
I specialize in:
- cross-platform development (making software that runs on diverse hardware/OS combinations)
- instruction set simulation
- improving software performance, i.e. making sure the software runs the job at hand in as short a time as possible on the given hardware. This entails algorithm selection, implementation design, accurate measurements, code optimisation, and sometimes implementing virtual machines, applying SIMD technology (such as MMX/SSE), and more.