Drupal with Android integration: Make posts and upload photos. Part II - Android

 /** Base url of Drupal installation */
 final static private String URLBASE = "http://192.168.1.9/drupal";
 
 /** XML-RPC url */
 final static private String XMLRPC = URLBASE + "/?q=androidrpc";
 /** Photoupload url */
 final static private String PHOTOUPLOAD = URLBASE + "/?q=photoupload";

/**
 * Perform authentication.
 * @param username user name
 * @param password password
 * @throws IOException
 * @throws XmlRpcException
 * @throws XmlRpcFault
 */
public void login(String username, String password) throws IOException, XmlRpcException, XmlRpcFault {
    if (isAuthenticated())
        logout();
    
    XmlRpcClient xmlrpc = new XmlRpcClient(XMLRPC, false);
    
    XmlRpcStruct res = (XmlRpcStruct) xmlrpc.invoke("user.login", new Object[] { username, password });
    
    sessid = res.getString("sessid");
    session_name = res.getString("session_name");
}

The actual remote method invocation performed by xmlrpc.invoke. First argument is a method name, and second is array of arguments - if this case, it's username and password. invoke method can have many return types. In the case of user.login method, it will be XmlRpcStruct structure containing info about session and logged in user (email, UID, etc).

Drupal session defined by the two members of returned structure: sessid and session_name. Save them to be used in all subsequent remote calls, to identify our session. As we defined login method, we also must define logout.

/**
 * Close session.
 * @throws MalformedURLException
 * @throws XmlRpcException
 * @throws XmlRpcFault
 */
public void logout() throws MalformedURLException, XmlRpcException, XmlRpcFault {
    if (!isAuthenticated())
        return ;
                
    try {
        // create xml-rpc client
        XmlRpcClient xmlrpc = new XmlRpcClient(XMLRPC, false);
        // set session cookie        
        xmlrpc.setRequestProperty("Cookie", getSessionCookieString());

        // remote call
        xmlrpc.invoke("user.logout", new Object[] { });
    }
    catch (Exception ex) {
        ex.printStackTrace();
    }
    
    sessid = null;
    session_name = null;
}

First, check if we are authenticated. If no, just return. Next, create XmlRpcClient. Please, take a look at setRequestProperty method call. This method sets additional http header that will be sent with XML-RPC request. We set Cookie identifying Drupal session.

We created login and logout methods. And now we make postPage method. 

/**
 * Posts page.
 * @param title page title
 * @param body page body
 * @return page node identifier
 * @throws IOException
 * @throws XmlRpcException
 * @throws XmlRpcFault
 */
@SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
public int postPage(String title, String body) throws IOException, XmlRpcException, XmlRpcFault {
    // check if user is authenticated
    if (!isAuthenticated()) {
        throw new IllegalStateException("Session is not open.");
    }
    
    // create xml-rpc client
    XmlRpcClient xmlrpc = new XmlRpcClient(XMLRPC, false);
    // set session cookie
    xmlrpc.setRequestProperty("Cookie", getSessionCookieString());
    
    // set page values
    XmlRpcStruct params = new XmlRpcStruct();
    params.put("type", "page");
    params.put("title", title);
    params.put("body", body);
        
    // remote call
    XmlRpcStruct res = (XmlRpcStruct) xmlrpc.invoke("node.create", new Object[] { params });
    
    // get page nid and return it 
    return Integer.parseInt(res.get("nid").toString());
}

And again, first check if user is authenticated. Then create XML-RPC client and setup session cookie. Next, create structure defining node params. type = "page", title and body. And perform the remote call. Remote call returns structure, where we need "nid" member - it's page node identifier, that will be used, for example, to remove page or update it.

Create deletePage method.

/**
 * Delete page.
 * @param nid page node identifier
 * @throws IOException
 * @throws XmlRpcException
 * @throws XmlRpcFault
 */
public boolean deletePage(int nid) throws IOException, XmlRpcException, XmlRpcFault {
    // check if user is authenticated
    if (!isAuthenticated()) {
        throw new IllegalStateException("Session is not open.");
    }
    
    // create xml-rpc client
    XmlRpcClient xmlrpc = new XmlRpcClient(XMLRPC, false);
    // set session cookie
    xmlrpc.setRequestProperty("Cookie", getSessionCookieString());
    
    // page params: nid
    XmlRpcStruct params = new XmlRpcStruct();
    params.put("nid", ""+nid);
    
    // node.delete return boolean indicating, whether node is removed or not
    return (Boolean) xmlrpc.invoke("node.delete", new Object[] { params });
}

Method start is the same, as previous. Remote method params is structure, that contains only page nid. And return type of remote method is boolean, indicating, whether page is deleted or not. 

Now, create uploadPhoto method, for photo uploads.

/**
 * Perform photo upload.
 * @param photoParams photo params (such as file, file name, page node identifier)
 * @param listener listener to receive send progress notifications
 * @throws IOException if an error is occurred
 */
public void uploadPhoto(PhotoParams params, HttpProgressListener listener) {
    // check if user is authenticated
    if (!isAuthenticated()) {
        throw new IllegalStateException("Session is not open.");
    }
    
    HttpMultipartClient httpClient = new HttpMultipartClient(PHOTOUPLOAD, listener);
    httpClient.addHeader("Cookie", getSessionCookieString());
    
    httpClient.addField("form_id", "photoupload_upload_file");
    httpClient.addField("op", "Upload");
    
    httpClient.addField("nid", ""+params.nid);
    httpClient.addFile("files[image]", "image/jpeg", params.fileName, params.file);

    httpClient.post();
}

It's all done with DrupalConnect class. Now, create login activity. It will contain two EditText controls for login and password, remember check box, used to remember last succesful login data, login and cancel buttons.

In the LoginActivity class, first define the UI control variables.

// UI controls
private EditText editUsername;
private EditText editPassword;
private CheckBox checkRemember;
private Button buttonOk;
private Button buttonCancel;

In the onCreate method, get UI controls, setup button handlers.

@Override
public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
    super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
    setContentView(R.layout.activity_login);

    // get UI controls
    editUsername = (EditText) findViewById(R.id.editUsername);
    editPassword = (EditText) findViewById(R.id.editPassword);
    checkRemember = (CheckBox) findViewById(R.id.checkRemember);
    
    buttonOk = (Button) findViewById(R.id.buttonOk);
    buttonOk.setOnClickListener(new OnClickListener() {
        @Override
        public void onClick(View v) {
            onButtonOk();
        }
    });
    
    buttonCancel = (Button) findViewById(R.id.buttonCancel);
    buttonCancel.setOnClickListener(new OnClickListener() {
        @Override
        public void onClick(View v) {
            onButtonCancel();
        }
    });
    
    PrefsHelper.setup(this, "AndroidDrupal");
    loadAuthData();
}

Now, define the "Ok" button handler. 

/**
 * Called to button "ok" click.
 */
public void onButtonOk() {
    final String username = editUsername.getText().toString();
    final String password = editPassword.getText().toString();
    
    // string buffer for errors
    StringBuilder errors = null;
    
    // check user name
    if (username.trim().length() == 0 || !username.matches("\\w+")) {
        if (errors == null)
            errors = new StringBuilder();
        errors.append("Invalid user name\n");
    }
    
    // check password
    if (password.trim().length() == 0 || !password.matches("\\w+")) {
        if (errors == null)
            errors = new StringBuilder();
        errors.append("Invalid password\n");
    }    
    
    // 
    if (errors != null) {
        GUIHelper.showError(this, errors.toString());
        return ;
    }
        
    // show login progress dialog
    final ProgressDialog dlg = ProgressDialog.show(this, "Logging in", 
      "Logging in. Please wait.", true, true);
    
    // create an async task to perform login
    (new AsyncTask<Void, Void, String>() {
        @Override
        protected String doInBackground(Void... params) {
            try {
                DrupalConnect.getInstance().login(username, password);
                return "OK";
            }
            catch (Exception ex) {
                return ex.getMessage();
            }
        }

        @Override
        protected void onPostExecute(String result) {
            dlg.dismiss();
            
            if (result.equals("OK")) {
                saveAuthData();
                
                // switch to MainActivity
                Intent intent = new Intent(LoginActivity.this, PostActivity.class);
                startActivity(intent);
                finish();
            }
            else {
                GUIHelper.showError(LoginActivity.this, "Login is failed. " + result);
            }
        }
    }).execute();
}

First, it checks username and password, and if it's error - show error message and return. Next, create ProgressDialog, showing "Logging in. Please wait.". And then, create AsyncTask to perform login. In it's doInBackground we call our singleton DrupalConnect class method login. In onPostExecute method (called after doInBackground is complete), we check the result. If all is ok, switch to the next activity. If there is an error, show the message describing what's wrong.

We created our first activity for user login. And how create the main application activity, call it PostActivity. It will be simple activity with two EditText controls for title and body, and three buttons: make photo, post and exit. User will enter title and body, and if he wants to also attach a photo, he clicks "Make photo" button. When all done, he clicks "Post" button, to make post and upload photo (if he made it).

Define the UI control varibles.

// UI controls
private EditText editTitle;
private EditText editBody;
private Button buttonMakePhoto;
private Button buttonPost;
private Button buttonExit;

Get UI controls and setup button handlers in the onCreate method.

@Override
public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
    super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
    setContentView(R.layout.activity_post);
    
    // get UI controls
    editTitle = (EditText) findViewById(R.id.editTitle);
    editBody = (EditText) findViewById(R.id.editBody);
    buttonMakePhoto = (Button) findViewById(R.id.buttonMakePhoto);
    buttonMakePhoto.setOnClickListener(new OnClickListener() {
        @Override
        public void onClick(View v) {
            makePhoto();
        }
    });
    
    buttonPost = (Button) findViewById(R.id.buttonPost);
    buttonPost.setOnClickListener(new OnClickListener() {
        @Override
        public void onClick(View v) {
            postPage();
        }
    });
    
    buttonExit = (Button) findViewById(R.id.buttonExit);
    buttonExit.setOnClickListener(new OnClickListener() {
        @Override
        public void onClick(View v) {
            exit();
        }
    });
}

Create the "Make photo" button handler.

private void makePhoto() {
    if (!CameraHelper.isMediaStorageAvailable()) {
        GUIHelper.showError(this, "SD card is not available. It needed to store photos");
        return ;
    }
    
    Intent intent = new Intent(MediaStore.ACTION_IMAGE_CAPTURE);
    // store photo file in CamaraHelper, because this activity will 
    // be restarted when photo is made
    CameraHelper.photoFile = CameraHelper.getOutputMediaFile(CameraHelper.MEDIA_TYPE_IMAGE);
    
    intent.putExtra(MediaStore.EXTRA_OUTPUT,
            Uri.fromFile(CameraHelper.photoFile));
    
    startActivityForResult(intent, CAPTURE_IMAGE_ACTIVITY_REQUEST_CODE);
}

It calls Android's standard image capture activity to capture the image from the camera. Now we need to override onActivityResult in PostActivity to get the capture result. It will be called after the camera activity is closed.

@Override
    public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_post);
        
        // get UI controls
        editTitle = (EditText) findViewById(R.id.editTitle);
        editBody = (EditText) findViewById(R.id.editBody);
        buttonMakePhoto = (Button) findViewById(R.id.buttonMakePhoto);
        buttonMakePhoto.setOnClickListener(new OnClickListener() {
   @Override
   public void onClick(View v) {
    makePhoto();
   }
  });
        
        buttonPost = (Button) findViewById(R.id.buttonPost);
        buttonPost.setOnClickListener(new OnClickListener() {
   @Override
   public void onClick(View v) {
    postPage();
   }
  });
        
        buttonExit = (Button) findViewById(R.id.buttonExit);
        buttonExit.setOnClickListener(new OnClickListener() {
   @Override
   public void onClick(View v) {
    exit();
   }
  });
}

Next, implement the "Post" button handler.

private void postPage() {
    // check if posting is in progress
    if (isPostInProgress) {
        return ;
    }
    
    isPostInProgress = true;
    
    // get page title and body
    final String title = editTitle.getText().toString();
    final String body = editBody.getText().toString();
    
    // show progress dialog
    final ProgressDialog progressDialog = ProgressDialog.show(this, 
      "Posting", "Posting. Please, wait.", true, false);
                    
    // start async task for posting to Drupal 
    (new AsyncTask<Void, Void, Boolean>() {
        Exception e;
        
        @Override
        protected Boolean doInBackground(Void... params) {
            try {
                nid = DrupalConnect.getInstance().postPage(title, body);
                return true;
            }
            catch (Exception e) {
                this.e = e;
                return false;
            }
        }

        @Override
        protected void onPostExecute(Boolean result) {
            super.onPostExecute(result);

            progressDialog.dismiss();
            
            if (result) {
                // if user made photo - upload it
                // if not - report that post succeeded
                if (CameraHelper.photoFile != null) {
                    uploadPhoto();
                }
                else {
                    GUIHelper.showMessage(PostActivity.this, "Post succeeded.", "Message");
                    isPostInProgress = false;
                }
            }
            else {
                GUIHelper.showError(PostActivity.this, "Post is failed. "+e.getMessage());
                isPostInProgress = false;
            }
        }
        
    }).execute();
}

It gets the page title and body from the EditText controls, then shows the progress dialog with the "Posting. Please, wait." message. And then creates an AsyncTask for performing the call to Drupal. Please look at the onPostExecute method of AsyncTask, it hides the progress dialog and checks for the post result. If post succeeds and there is also a photo made by the user, it calls the uploadPhoto method. The code for this method is given below:

private void uploadPhoto() {
    // create progress dialog
    final ProgressDialog progressDialog = new ProgressDialog(this);
    progressDialog.setTitle("Uploading photo");
    progressDialog.setMessage("Uploading photo");
    progressDialog.setProgressStyle(ProgressDialog.STYLE_HORIZONTAL);
    progressDialog.setIndeterminate(false);
    progressDialog.setCancelable(false);
    progressDialog.show();
    
    // create async task to upload photo
    (new AsyncTask<Void, Integer, Boolean>() {
        Exception e;
        
        @Override
        protected Boolean doInBackground(Void... params) {
            PhotoParams photoParams = new PhotoParams();
            photoParams.nid = nid;
            photoParams.file = CameraHelper.photoFile;
            photoParams.fileName = CameraHelper.photoFile.getName();
                    
            DrupalConnect.getInstance().uploadPhoto(photoParams, new HttpProgressListener() {
                @Override
                public void sendStarted(int total) {
                    publishProgress(0, total);
                }
                
                @Override
                public void sendProgress(int uploaded, int total) {
                    publishProgress(uploaded, total);
                }
                
                @Override
                public void sendError(Exception ex) {
                    e = ex;
                    //Log.e("Post", "Upload is failed", e);
                }
                
                @Override
                public void sendDone() {
                }
            });
            return null;
        }

        @Override
        protected void onPostExecute(Boolean result) {
            super.onPostExecute(result);

            progressDialog.dismiss();
                        
            // check if exception is occurred during upload
            if (e == null) {
                // delete photo file
                // it must be deleted when upload is succeeded
                deletePhoto();
                
                GUIHelper.showError(PostActivity.this, "Post and upload are succeeded.");
            }
            else {
                GUIHelper.showError(PostActivity.this, "Upload is failed. "+e.getMessage());

                // delete page
                deletePage();
            }
            isPostInProgress = false;
        }

        @Override
        protected void onProgressUpdate(Integer... values) {
            super.onProgressUpdate(values);

            int sent = values[0];
            int total = values[1];
            
            // if this is the first call, set progress dialog max value
            if (sent == 0) {
                progressDialog.setMax(total);
            }
            progressDialog.setProgress(values[0]);
        }
    }).execute();
}

First, it show progress dialog with "Uploading photo" message, and starts AsyncTask for the actual upload. It create PhotoParams structure with photo file, file name, and page node identifier (the page to which a photo be attached). Calls DrupalConnect's uploadPhoto method, passing it PhotoParams and http progress listener arguments. Listener reports http upload progress. It's sendProgress method calls AsyncTask's publishProgress to update progress dialog's progress. The actual progress dialog update is performed in onProgressUpdate method of our async task. When upload is done, onPostExecute hides progress dialog, and checks for result. If all is ok, it show "Post and upload are succeeded." message. But, if there is an error, we must delete page as it's already created on Drupal's side, but our transaction is failed. To perform this, call method deletePage of PostActivity. The code for deletePage is given below:

 private void deletePage() {
    // check if there is page
    if (nid == 0) {
        return ; 
    }
    
    (new AsyncTask<Void, Void, Boolean>() {
        @Override
        protected Boolean doInBackground(Void... params) {
            try {
                DrupalConnect.getInstance().deletePage(nid);
                nid = 0;
            } 
            catch (Exception e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
            return null;
        }
    }).execute();
}

And again, we create the AsyncTask to perform Drupal remote call. We pass page nid (stored from last postPage call) to DrupalConnect's deletePage method. And finally, we need to implement handlers for "Exit" button. It will perform logout and close PostActivity.

private void exit() {
    (new AsyncTask<Void, Void, Boolean>() {
        @Override
        protected Boolean doInBackground(Void... params) {
            try {
                DrupalConnect.getInstance().logout();
            } 
            catch (Exception e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            } 
            return null;
        }

        @Override
        protected void onPostExecute(Boolean result) {
            super.onPostExecute(result);
            
            PostActivity.this.finish();
        }
    }).execute();
}

And again, conversation with DrupalConnect is made in AsyncTask.

Summary

You can see, how easy it's to connect Drupal and Android using XML-RPC. I shown only how to create and delete pages and upload photos, it's also possible to manipulate other Drupal objects (comments, files, users, etc), register new users and more. This approach is applicable to other web CMSes, that supports XML-RPC, and to other mobile platforms.

Please, send me your comments and suggestions.

You can download source code for this article here:https://github.com/BItGriff/AndroidDrupal/archive/master.zip.

If you need more information about Drupal remote methods, you can read my next article 

Remote operations on Drupal objects. Technical details.