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Matrix Transformation of Images using .NET GDI+

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1 Jul 2016CPOL4 min read 389.3K   12.6K   187   45
Use of GDI+ Matrix class to perform image transformation.

Image 1

Introduction

2D image transformation in .NET has been very much simplified by the Matrix class in the System.Drawing.Drawing2D namespace. In this article, I would like to share with the reader on the use of Matrix class for 2D image transformation.

Background

The Matrix class takes 6 elements arranged in 3 rows by 2 cols. For example, the default matrix constructed by the default constructor has value of ( 1,0,0,1,0,0 ). In matrix representation:

Sample screenshot

This is a simplification of:

Sample screenshot

The last column is always: Sample screenshot

Thus a translation transformation of movement of 3 in x-axis and 2 in the y-axis would be represented as:

Sample screenshot but internally is represented as Sample screenshot

An important thing to note is that the transformation matrix is post multiplied to the image vectors. For example, we have an image with 4 points: (1,1) ( 2,3) (5,0) (6 7). The image vectors would be represented as a 4 rows by 2 columns matrix:

Sample screenshot but internally is represented as Sample screenshot

When the transformation matrix is operated on the image matrix, the transformation matrix is multiplied on the right of the image matrix.

Sample screenshot

The last column of the resulting matrix is ignored. Thus the resulting image would have points (4,3) (5,5) (8,2) and (9,9).

A composite transformation is made up of the product of two or more matrices. Take for example, a scaling matrix with factor 2 in x-axis and 3 in y-axis.

Sample screenshot internally represented as Sample screenshot

When we have a composite transformation of a translation followed by a scaling, the scaling matrix would be multiplied to the right of the translation matrix:

Sample screenshot

Likewise, if we have a composite matrix of a scaling followed by a translation, the translation matrix would be multiplied to the right of the scaling matrix.

Multiplying to the right is also known as appending, and to the left as prepending. Matrices on the left are always operated first.

Matrix Transformation

In this article, I would focus only on the following transformations:

  • Rotation
  • Translation
  • Stretching (Scaling)
  • Flipping (Reflection)

To create a Matrix object:

C#
//This would create an identity matrix (1,0,0,1,0,0)
Matrix m=new Matrix();
VB.NET
'This would create a matrix with elements (1,0,0,1,0,0)
Dim m As New Matrix()

To initialize the values of the matrix at creation:

C#
//This would create a matrix with elements (1,2,3,4,5,6)
 Matrix m=new Matrix(1,2,3,4,5,6);
VB.NET
'This would create a matrix with elements (1,2,3,4,5,6) 
Dim m As New Matrix(1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6) 

The Matrix class implements various methods:

  • Rotate
  • Translate
  • Scale
  • Multiply

To create a composite matrix, first create a identity matrix. Then use the above methods to append/prepend the transformation.

C#
Matrix m=new Matrix();

//move the origin to 200,200
m.Translate(200,200);
//rotate 90 deg clockwise
m.Rotate(90,MatrixOrder.Prepend);
VB.NET
Dim m As New Matrix()

'move the origin to 200,200
m.Translate(200, 200)
'rotate 90 deg clockwise
m.Rotate(90, MatrixOrder.Prepend)

In the above code, since the rotation transformation is prepended to the matrix, the rotation transformation would be performed first.

In matrix transformations, the order of operation is very important. A rotation followed by a translation is very different from a translation followed by a rotation, as illustrated below:

Sample screenshot

Using the Matrix Object

The following GDI+ objects make use of the Matrix object:

  • Graphics
  • Pen
  • GraphicsPath

Each of these has a Transform property which is a Matrix object. The default Tranform property is the identity matrix. All drawing operations that involve the Pen and Graphics objects would perform with respect to their Transform property.

Thus, for instance, if a 45 deg clockwise rotation matrix has been assigned to the Graphics object Transform property and a horizontal line is drawn, the line would be rendered with a tilt of 45 deg.

The operation of matrix transformation on a GraphicsPath is particularly interesting. When its Transform property is set, the GraphicsPath's PathPoints are changed to reflect the transformation.

One use of this behavior is to perform localized transformation on a GraphicsPath object and then use the DrawImage method to render the transformation.

C#
Graphics g=Graphics.FromImage(pictureBox1.Image);
 //..

GraphicsPath gp=new GraphicsPath();

Image imgpic=(Image)pictureBoxBase.Image.Clone();

//the coordinate of the polygon must be
//point 1 = left top corner
//point 2 = right top corner
//point 3 = right bottom corner
if(cbFlipY.CheckState ==CheckState.Checked)
 gp.AddPolygon(new Point[]{new Point(0,imgpic.Height),
               new Point(imgpic.Width,imgpic.Height),
               new Point(0,0)});
else
 gp.AddPolygon(new Point[]{new Point(0,0),
               new Point(imgpic.Width,0),
               new Point(0,imgpic.Height)});

//apply the transformation matrix on the graphical path
gp.Transform(mm1);
//get the resulting path points
PointF[] pts=gp.PathPoints;


//draw on the picturebox content of imgpic using the local transformation
//using the resulting parralleogram described by pts
g.DrawImage(imgpic,pts);
VB.NET
Dim g As Graphics = Graphics.FromImage(pictureBox1.Image)
'..

Dim gp As New GraphicsPath()

Dim imgpic As Image = DirectCast(pictureBoxBase.Image.Clone(), Image)

'the coordinate of the polygon must be
'point 1 = left top corner
'point 2 = right top corner
'point 3 = right bottom corner
If cbFlipY.CheckState = CheckState.Checked Then
	gp.AddPolygon(New Point() {New Point(0, imgpic.Height), New Point(imgpic.Width, imgpic.Height), New Point(0, 0)})
Else
	gp.AddPolygon(New Point() {New Point(0, 0), New Point(imgpic.Width, 0), New Point(0, imgpic.Height)})
End If

'apply the transformation matrix on the graphical path
gp.Transform(mm1)
'get the resulting path points
Dim pts As PointF() = gp.PathPoints


'draw on the picturebox content of imgpic using the local transformation 
'using the resulting parralleogram described by pts
g.DrawImage(imgpic, pts)

Flipping

Unfortunately, there is no flipping method for the Matrix class. However, the matrix for flipping is well known. For a flip along the x-axis, i.e., flipping the y-coordinates, the matrix is (1,0,0,-1,0,0). For flipping the x-coordinates, the matrix is (-1,0,0,1,0,0).

Using the Transformation Tester

The use of the demo program is quite intuitive. At startup, the CodeProject beloved iconic figure is loaded. The axes are based on graph-paper coordinate system. There is a check box to unflip the y-coordinates to reflect the computer coordinate system. The origin is set at (200,200) relative to the picture box.

Adjust the tracker for each of the transformation operations, and order the transformation as shown in the list box by using the + and - buttons. Click Go to start the operation.

Thanks to leppie (a reader) for his comment, I have added a new checkbox to allow the user to see real time transformation. After the Real Time checkbox is checked, all adjustments to the trackers and reordering of the transformation will cause the transformation to be performed immediately. This gives the effect of a real time update.

I have added a Region Demo checkbox. When checked, a pop up of CodeProject iconic figure will appear on the desktop. This is actually a form that takes the shape and image of the iconic figure. The transformation performed on the image is also performed on this floating figure.

Conclusion

The code is quite adequately commented. I hope that the reader would benefit from this article and the codes, and start to unlock the power of the Matrix object in .NET.

License

This article, along with any associated source code and files, is licensed under The Code Project Open License (CPOL)


Written By
Software Developer (Senior)
Singapore Singapore
Coder. Hacker. Fixer.

Comments and Discussions

 
QuestionUsing a set of co ordinates from a listbox. Pin
Edy31-Dec-20 17:31
Edy31-Dec-20 17:31 
SuggestionApply using blocks for Graphics and GraphicsPath objects Pin
Gilbert Hersschens9-Jun-18 22:54
Gilbert Hersschens9-Jun-18 22:54 
GeneralMy vote of 5 Pin
Evgeny Bestfator1-Jul-16 2:36
professionalEvgeny Bestfator1-Jul-16 2:36 
GeneralMy vote of 3 Pin
yasureican9-May-14 1:12
yasureican9-May-14 1:12 
QuestionMatrix transformation on coordinates. Pin
Raheel Khan10-Jan-12 20:02
Raheel Khan10-Jan-12 20:02 
AnswerRe: Matrix transformation on coordinates. Pin
Yang Kok Wah8-May-14 2:48
Yang Kok Wah8-May-14 2:48 
GeneralYou rock. Pin
SonicMouse21-Dec-09 18:21
SonicMouse21-Dec-09 18:21 
GeneralChange the orientation of axis Pin
pkp0018-Feb-09 21:51
pkp0018-Feb-09 21:51 
GeneralRe: Change the orientation of axis Pin
noname20159-May-14 13:22
noname20159-May-14 13:22 
GeneralGreat Tutorial Pin
baranils9-Dec-08 6:45
baranils9-Dec-08 6:45 
GeneralGraphicsPath Scale at Runtime Pin
parascadd19-Feb-08 1:43
parascadd19-Feb-08 1:43 
GeneralWhen transformed, the picture become not as clear as before (though zoomed out) Pin
followait23-Dec-07 19:47
followait23-Dec-07 19:47 
Generalgreat article! Pin
mwagnborg31-May-07 13:53
mwagnborg31-May-07 13:53 
GeneralNon-proportional (non Rectangular) resizing... Pin
Graeme_Grant26-Jan-07 19:43
mvaGraeme_Grant26-Jan-07 19:43 
GeneralGood Stuff Pin
PowerLee23-Nov-06 15:26
PowerLee23-Nov-06 15:26 
QuestionCan you use this method to create persepective? Pin
woodshed17-Sep-06 0:44
woodshed17-Sep-06 0:44 
AnswerRe: Can you use this method to create persepective? Pin
Graemeg3326-Jan-07 11:39
Graemeg3326-Jan-07 11:39 
GeneralRe: Can you use this method to create persepective? Pin
djyoung6-May-09 22:54
djyoung6-May-09 22:54 
GeneralHere is interesting project able to do perspective! Pin
Jaroslav Penaska24-May-09 14:44
Jaroslav Penaska24-May-09 14:44 
QuestionMirror Horizontal! Pin
DoXiGen17-Aug-06 14:15
DoXiGen17-Aug-06 14:15 
AnswerRe: Mirror Horizontal! Pin
Yang Kok Wah17-Aug-06 23:35
Yang Kok Wah17-Aug-06 23:35 
GeneralRe: Mirror Horizontal! [modified] Pin
DoXiGen19-Aug-06 4:47
DoXiGen19-Aug-06 4:47 
GeneralRe: Mirror Horizontal! Pin
Yang Kok Wah20-Aug-06 5:13
Yang Kok Wah20-Aug-06 5:13 
AnswerRe: Mirror Horizontal! Pin
Husni Che Ngah26-Mar-08 15:39
Husni Che Ngah26-Mar-08 15:39 
AnswerRe: Mirror Horizontal! Pin
Roey C21-Sep-10 2:50
Roey C21-Sep-10 2:50 

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