You have to use the general steps when building a Linux application (or when using for example
MinGW on Windows).
The first step is unpacking the source:
tar -xzvvf sdldoom-1.10.tar.gz
Then have a look at the unpacked files if there is some kind of
README
file with build instructions. If not, look for common build files.
If there is an
autogen.sh file, execute that
./autogen.sh
Otherwise, if there is a
configure.sh file:
./configure.sh
Both scripts will create some build files and print messages when something required for the build process is missing. If so, you have to do what the messages tell you like installing required libraries and build tools, and execute the script again afterwards.
In any case (even if there is none of the above), there should be some kind of
Makefile. That is used to control the final
make
that will build the executable.
Finally you can install (as root) with
make install
or just start the executable.